The Personality Disorder ( Ocd ) - 1578 Words

How to Help Someone With A Personality Disorder Personality is the characteristics and traits of a person that makes them unique. Disorders, such as Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) or Obsessive Compulsive Disorder(OCD), can alter that person’s personality and behaviors and stun them from being able to mature, communicate and interact with society properly, and can interfere with their daily life routines. There are nine different known personality disorders. (Borderline Emotionally). Many personality disorders are able to be treated though not cured entirely. Some common disorders, such as BPD, can be treated through multiple sessions of psychotherapy, which can consist of group, individual, and even family therapy sessions. The use of medications along with support from family members and friends can help lessen the symptoms of the personality disorder. There is even a possibility of hospitalization that may be able to help certain people suffering from personality disorders. It can be tough dealing with a personality disorder. Say there is a person diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder, one of the more commonly known and studied disorders. They would have episodes of extreme happiness and episodes of extreme sadness or anger. There is no real in between for them. They would lack self-confidence and a sense of self-image, which could lead to self mutilation or even suicidal tendencies. BPD is a more tricky personality disorder because many people want toShow MoreRelatedPersonality Disorders ( Ocd )1967 Words   |  8 Pagesdiagnosed with Antisocial Personality Disorders(APD), but it cannot be found in the DSM(Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders). The DSM-V defined APD as a pervasive pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood. Antisocial personality has appeared in the DSM since its first edition in 1952, although it was initially la belled antisocial reaction under sociopathic personality disturbance. German-AmericanRead MoreNarcissism Personality Disorder ( Ocd )1059 Words   |  5 PagesNarcissism personality disorder according to DSM-V is (and now also in Section II of DSM-5) describe â€Å"a pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior), need for admiration, and lack of empathy . . .,† indicated by five or more of the following: (a) a grandiose sense of self-importance; (b) preoccupation with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal love; (c) beliefs of being special and unique; (d) requirements of excessive admiration; (e) a sense of entitlement;Read MoreAntisocial Personality Disorder ( Ocd ) Essay827 Words   |  4 PagesAntisocial Personality Disorder Katie McGuire University of Groningen Student number: s3229211 Mentor group number: 1636 Mentors: Joke van Dijken and Johanna Hecht Date: 25/10/2016 Antisocial Personality Disorder Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD) is a disorder characterized by behaviour that is socially undesirable such as breaking the law, lying, and not feeling any guilt. People who suffer from APD often have certain personality traits such as being charming, manipulative, insincereRead MoreAntisocial Personality Disorder ( Ocd )1845 Words   |  8 Pages ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER Introductory Psychology PSYC 1101 – Fall Semester 2014 Mr. Moser October 23, 2014 Taylor B. Hart â€Æ' Abstract Antisocial Personality Disorder is a very rare disorder. The criteria to be diagnosed with Antisocial Personality Disorder has been changed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders throughout many years. The rareness of this disorder can be considered beneficial in the world because of the way people diagnosed with it become andRead MoreAnti Social Personality Disorder ( Ocd )1327 Words   |  6 Pagespredisposition to having anti-social personality disorder â€Å"In 2013, an estimate of 679, 000 children were abused or neglected† (National Children’s Alliance, 2013). Abuse and/or neglect history in young adults can have strong impact physically and emotionally. Previous researchers have found that abuse and/or neglect in young adults can be one linked to personality disorders. They have found that Anti-social Personality Disorder (APD) can be one of the personality disorders that’s linked to abuse and/orRead MoreUse Of Sociopathy : An Alternative For Adolescent Personality Disorders ( Ocd )1976 Words   |  8 Pagesdiagnosed with Antisocial Personality Disorders(APD), but it cannot be found in the DSM(Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders). The DSM-V defined APD as a pervasive pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood. Antisocial personality has appeared in the DSM since its first edition in 1952, a lthough it was initially labelled antisocial reaction under sociopathic personality disturbance. German-AmericanRead MoreMommie Dearest : Movie Analysis1325 Words   |  6 PagesThere are two different types of disorders, personality and psychological. Psychological disorders are behavior patterns or mental processes that cause serious personal suffering or interfere with a person’s ability to cope with everyday life. Personality disorders are patterns of inflexible traits that disrupt social life or work and may distress the affected individual (Rathus, 2010). One way to learn how to identify these disorders is through movie analysis. Movies can help the understanding ofRead MoreObsessive Compulsive Disorder And Borderline Personality Disorder850 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to yourdictinory.com, disorders are those defined as a confusion to disturb the normal mental or physical health functions. For example those who have learning disabilities that makes it hard for peo ple to learn and concentrate in a classroom setting without getting frustrated. So today I will focus on two disorders along with the diagnostics, symptoms, and treatments for each. The information for obsessive-compulsive disorder and Borderline personality disorder will come from the Faces ofRead MoreObsessive Compulsion Disorder1045 Words   |  4 Pagescompulsion disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder described by irrational thoughts and fears (obsessions) that lead you to do repetitive tasks (compulsions) (Obsessive Compulsion Disorder, 2013). When a person has obsessive-compulsive disorder, they may realize that their obsessions arent accurate, and they may try to overlook them but that only increases their suffering and worry. Eventually, you feel driven to perform compulsive acts to ease your stressful feelings. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is oftenRead MoreTreatment Plan for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essay1334 Words   |  6 Pagesobsessive-compulsive disorder ( OCD) is and how leisure education can be used to help these individuals who have been diagnosed with OCD. This essay will discuss the various characteristics that can be noticed with an individual who has been diagnosed with OCD and also introduce different leisure activities that can be used to help these individuals. The overall goal for this essay is to provide strong evidence showing that leisure education can be useful in helping individuals with OCD. OCD is considered

Breakdown The Global Issue Of Health - 904 Words

In chapter twelve, Snarr talks breakdown the global issue of health. The chapter broadens the definition of healthcare to not only just fighting off diseases, but also takes the well being of human being into consideration. The major problems we encounter today in the world are in nutritional health, infectious diseases, reproductive health, and mental health issues. The chapter also breaks down each major problem and how it might have different effects based on the regions, and the role of education in healthcare. We see throughout the chapter how problems affect the developed countries and the developing countries differently. Finally, the chapter shows the success of treatment and the ongoing battle that the world is dealing with today. Nutritional health according to Snarr has different objectives for example; N. America wants to achieve a trans-fat free food, while Africa and S. America people are undernourished. For our chapter, good nutrition means having good amounts of proteins, vitamins, fats, minerals, and calories to have good health and growth. Food security is explained as ability to get and keep food which depends on the amount of land for farming and the population of a region. Political conflicts, disease, welfare, and climate are major factors that affect food security. Undernutrition is a key problem in developing world and it has major consequences like speeding up the rate of disease and slowing down worker productivity. While overnutrition is a problemShow MoreRelatedTuberculosis ( Tb ) And How The Directly Observed Treatment1518 Words   |  7 PagesWorld Health Organization (WHO), in 2013, 9 million people became ill from TB and 1.5 million people died as a result of the disease (WHO, 2015). In China, tuberculosis is the leading infectious disease that causes death among young adults in that country (Center for Global Development, 2015). As a result of the DOTS program, China was able to reduce the incidence of new cases of TB by 95% and have a cure rate of 90% for those who were unsuccessfully treated in the past (Center for Global DevelopmentRead MoreGlobal Warming Is The Increase Of The Earth s Surface Temperature1039 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal warming is when the increase of the Earth’s surface temperature. There are many factors that contribute to global warming. Global Warming is a global issue that according to livescience.com â€Å"is when the gradual heating of earth’s surface, oceans and atmosphere.† Many of these things about global warming and that contribute to global warming many people are unaware, for instance, the cause and effect of global warming, how it affects the United States on a national level, and a local levelRead MoreGl obal Warming : What Everybody Knows1259 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal warming is an issue that has caused a great deal of situations and problems. This global phenomenon may have been induced by humans and their activities. However, climate change has a significant impact on humans. According to Dr. H. Steven Moffic from the Medical College of Wisconsin â€Å"people have heard about global warming for years, However, they don’t always think the issues are already here.† (Casper, 2010, p.92). Global Warming: What Everybody Knows Issues that everybody knows aboutRead MoreIndividual Global Crises Are the Result of a Failing Global System747 Words   |  3 Pagesare taught to breakdown our issues into smaller components and analyze each piece separately in order to find a solution. This is a good method for problem solving, however, we must take into consideration that many problems are complex and their components intricately connected. It is essential that we put these pieces back together and analyze the problem as a whole to make sure we are not missing any critical information. In this paper I am going to explore many issues of global crises. I willRead MoreThe Spread Of Infectious Disease1072 Words   |  5 Pagesquality of global public health. While theoretically reducing this movement could reduce the spread of infectious diseases, there are many options that can be taken into consideration. Before we can begin to explore solutions to control the spread of infectious disease, we must consider what it is that actually contributes to its spread. The four most important concerns in recent years have been HIVAIDS, Tuberculosis, Cholera, and Malaria. The first two diseases are a cause of global concern dueRead MorePollution And Its Effects On Society1670 Words   |  7 Pagesoutside, what is one thing you always see, but may not notice? This issue you overlook constantly is pollution, but you are not the only one that does not notice, it is everyone that takes part in this major issue. In my opinion, the government does not take enough part in stopping or lessening this major issue. Across the globe, pollution exists in all communities and continues to worsen, therefore leaders must make environmental issue priorities and commit money and other resources to not only stoppingRead Moreforce have contributed to a dramatic shift in family eating habits. The traditional family d inner900 Words   |  4 PagesJanuary 22, 2013). Childhood obesity is becoming a major global challenge of the 21st century. About 110 million children worldwide are now classified as overweight or obese (Ogden, Carroll, Flegal, 2008). Even in some developing countries, where malnutrition was the traditional health concern, childhood obesity is becoming one of their major health concerns. Childhood obesity is a global epidemic that accounts for a large percentage of high health care costs in several countries. However, realizingRead MoreL Oreal Company Background1041 Words   |  5 Pagesbrand was considered the number one in Cosmetics Group Worldwide( source: â€Å"Beauty’s Top 100† WWD, August 2014. (2) Like-for-like.). The organization is composed of 78,600 employees with an International portfolio of 32 complementary brands. The Breakdown of 2014 Sales was registered as 2.6% Africa, Middle East 7.3% Eastern Europe 8.6% Latin America 21.1% Asia, Pacific 24.9% North America 35.5% Western Europe, and New Markets Total 39.6% Multicultural Company Professionals with different backgroundsRead More Ecofeminism- Links the domination of women and the domination of nature.958 Words   |  4 PagesExpanding Feminist Activism Ecological Feminism: local/global activism Ecofeminism- Links the domination of women and the domination of nature. Ecofeminism places importance on our connection as people of one earth and also recognizes how women have been, historically in the capitalist patriarchy, labeled as subordinate in relation to the dominating body. The environment falls into this subordinate category because it continues to be pressed and used to benefit the man machine. It may beRead MorePut A Persons Health At Risk1601 Words   |  7 Pagesput a persons health at risk. For example, pollution caused from transportation and manufacturing plants causes a threat to ones well-being and overall health. If we look at the root of this particular problem we find that it stems from the use of natural resources to produce energy. Not only does that reduced the amount of available resources harming the environment, it is also creating a byproduct that reduces the quality of health. Collaborating with other researcher and tackling the root of the

Essay on Project as a Temporary Organization- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Write about theEssay on Project as a Temporary Organization. Answer: Introduction It has become a common assumption among practitioners and researchers to consider project execution process as temporary organizations (Lundin Sderholm 1995). An observation of matrix organizations, life cycle of projects and projectification processes in the organizations poses challenges to the statement of projects are temporary organizations. Functions of project based organizations also raises questions to the statement. Let us look at project and its dynamics. Most projects are initiated by intact organizations, and they participate in the projects to bring out changes in the situations, enhance or build productive capabilities and provide innovative solutions to problems and issues. By achieving project goals many organizations and communities are enriching their competitive advantage. The constructive outcomes of projects help the organizational members to increase existing capacities and acquire new capabilities. By executing projects the businesses are increasing opportunities for new alliances and bigger business transactions. Because of the complex benefits the project execution brings to the organization, the business community has recognized project management as a distinct discipline and international organizations consider projects as drivers of economy and development. Decades of experiences in project management and project-based companies presents a great opportunity to study temporary organizations and behavior of organizations. Each project has a complex context, dynamic environmental factors, interactions of multiple partners and project outcomes (Harrison Lock 2004). Project management as a science has been assuming that it has a separate existence and many project management theories are attempted to help the practitioners. Before we conclude that projects are temporary organizations we need to examine other organizational phenomenon that is similar to project organizations. The Organizational Observations One fact we must accept that whenever, a project is initiated, an organizational structure that is meant for project execution will dominate and the functional organizational structure takes a back seat or its existence is unrecognized. Most practitioners considers temporary organizations as one that focused on completion of a project that is intended to change , produce or innovate something, and the temporary organization assumes an independent existence. There are three sources of information that we need to look at before passing our judgment. One is the virtual organization, matrix organization and projectification in organizations. PMBOK (Project management body of Knowledge) is an authentic and authoritative source of information for project management, which states that a project is a temporary undertaking to produce a product, service or an outcome. The statement implies the existence of an organization for a limited period of time, hence it supports the standpoint that project is a temporary organization. The experiences in virtual organizations also take similar standpoint, though there is no authoritative guiding body like PMI (Project management Institute). A virtual organization is a network of people that can contribute to a common goal and often uses information and communication technology to communicate and coordinate their functions. It is social organization with no vertical and horizontal structure purposely created, but people somehow organize themselves to meet the needs of the situation and dismantles itself after the completion of the project. Sometimes the participants in virtual organizatio ns work from geographically dispersed places and cooperate with their unique skills (Furst, Reeves, Rosen, Blackburn 2004). The performance of film industry is coming close to project management and the functioning of virtual organization. The communication and interpersonal relationships among the multitude of artists and workers to make the film for the box office is amazing and complex. Though the team for a particular film will be disbursed after the completion of the movie, it is implicit that each participant has roles to play in the future movie projects. In that way, projects are not temporary organizations but have potential for future reconfigurations. A second source of information that helps us to evaluate the statement is the experiences form the construction projects that use matrix organization in controlling its execution. Matrix organizations come into being when the functional structures are superimposed by a temporary structure (Hyvari 2006). In order to give the project manager the benefit of utilizing internal resources and execute the project milestones, matrix organizations are created. Because of dual chain of command, matrix organizations are complex and difficult to be managed. Most matrix organizations have experienced interpersonal conflicts, role conflicts and goal conflicts. In this case too, the temporary arrangement is superimposed on a relatively permanent structure. The third challenge to the notion of temporariness of organization in project management comes from the practices of projectification. It is a practice of utilizing the principles of project management to complete specific tasks in a organizations (Packendorff Lindgren 2014). For example, if a company is intending to build a production plant, some of the people in the organization will be given the task of completing the plant in a given time. The team entrusted to finish the task will utilize the principles of project management to complete the task. On completion of the project team will return to their respective functional roles. Organizations apply projectification to new product development, RD initiatives, construction works, capacity building and skill up-gradation, etc. The business organization uses projectification as tool to develop the business and not a n end in itself; hence, the former statement is not strengthened. Conclusion The three instances mentioned above do not give projects an independent existence; always an interaction between the temporary organization of the project and permanent structure is implied. In fact, often the resources required to the project are supplied from the parent organization. No project is an island; a temporal and organizational linkage exists between a project and its context (often a permanent organization). Instead of arguing whether the project is a temporary organization, we must make a critical distinction between project organization and permanent organization (Hassard Parker, M. eds., 2016). A project organization is determinate i.e. the project participant are aware that their roles and relations will come to a stop after the achievement of the project goals. In contrast, the organizations of a business enterprise are indeterminate, because the organization is expected to continue its function for an unspecified period. Determinate indeterminate paradigm is effective in categorizing project organization, than using the diffuse tool of temporal classification i.e. the terms temporary and permanent to explain the organization life cycle may be terminated. References Furst, S.A., Reeves, M., Rosen, B. and Blackburn, R.S., 2004. Managing the life cycle of virtual teams.The Academy of Management Executive,18(2), pp.6-20. Harrison, F.L. and Lock, D., 2004.Advanced project management: a structured approach. Gower Publishing, Ltd.. Hassard, J. and Parker, M. eds., 2016.Routledge Revivals: Towards a New Theory of Organizations (1994). Routledge. Hyvari, I., 2006. Success of projects in different organizational conditions.Project management journal,37(4), p.31. Lundin, R.A. and Sderholm, A., 1995. A theory of the temporary organization.Scandinavian Journal of management,11(4), pp.437-455. Packendorff, J. and Lindgren, M., 2014. Projectification and its consequences: Narrow and broad conceptualisations.South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences,17(1), pp.7-21.

Teen Pregnancy (900 words) Essay Example For Students

Teen Pregnancy (900 words) Essay Teen PregnancyYou sit there tense, your face is turning cherry red, your eyes are fixed on thelittle white machine, and you feel like the suspense is killing you, two minutesseem like forever. All of the sudden you see a +. Youre 15 andpregnant. What are you going to do now? Jessica Inhoff, a junior at Grant, tellsus what she did when she found out she was pregnant with her son last year. Shesaid that she was overly surprised and didnt know what to do. She didntwant to have to be there when her parents found out, so she just left a note onthe table and went to work. Luckily for her, her parents were remarkablysupportive, and still help her out as much as they can with her son. Her motherwatches Kyle every day while she is at school, and will baby-sit one night aweek, so Jessica can go out and still be a kid. According to the Oregon HealthDivision, during 1997 in Multnomah County, 654 girls between the ages of 10 and17 got pregnant and kept their babies. Between 1974 and 1998 pregnanc y for teensbetween the ages 15 and 19 increased by 200 percent. Also once the babies areborn to teen mothers they are more than twice as likely to have a lower birthweight than those born to older mothers, which can cause major health risks. Itmakes babies more likely to die within the first 2 days of life. All thoseunwanted pregnancies among teens cost U.S. taxpayers almost 7 billion each year. We will write a custom essay on Teen Pregnancy (900 words) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now One question you should ask yourself before you decide to have sex is; Am Iready to be a mother or a father? If you can answer yes to all the questionsbelow, you are ready to go out Saturday night and decide by having sex withthem, to tell your boyfriend/girlfriend, Hey honey, I want us to have ababy! 1. Could I handle a baby and a job at the same time? Would I haveenough time and energy for both? 2. How would a child interfere with my growthand development? Would I finish school and would I be able to go to college andget the career I want while caring for a child? 3. Can I afford to support achild? Do I know how much it takes to raise a child? 4. Am I willing to give agreat part of my life ? at least 18 years ? to being responsible for achild? And spend a large portion of my life concerned with my childs wellbeing? 5. Do I like doing things with children? Do I enjoy activities thatchildren can do? Do I like cleaning up childrens messes and do I want to havea child around me 24-7? 6 . What do I do when I get angry or upset? Would I takethings out on my child if I lost my temper? 7. Could my partner and I give achild a good home? Is our relationship a happy and strong one? Do we want tohave to be connected for the reast of our lives, until death do us part? AsLeslie Clark, an alumnus from Grant, figured out, having a baby and being inhigh school is a hard job. She had to skip the last couple months of her senioryear to have her baby, which put her behind a year and not able to graduate withher class. She had a hard time raising her son Allyn on her own for the firstfive years, but luckily after that she and Allyns dad started dating again,and ended up getting married. Seventeen years have now passed, and she is ahappily married certified public accountant. Jessica Inhoff is now experiencingthe responsibilities of being a teen mother, which she says, are endless.A normal day goes like this for Jessica; she gets up at 6, after being awakehalf the night (with her s ons wake up calls at 12:30 and 3 A.M.), and goes toschool. She goes through six rigorous classes and then leaves during seventhperiod to go home and take care of her son, so her mother can have a break frombabysitting. For the next three hours she changes diapers, cleans up his messes,plays with him, and does her homework all at the same time. At 5P.M, she makesthem dinner, and feeds both herself and her son. Then from then until 8:30, theytake a bath, play, and she gets him ready for bed. At 9P.M, hes usuallyfinally asleep. Now she has a little time to herself to do her homework andmaybe watch TV until she falls asleep, to wake up again at 12:30 and calm acrying baby. There are many ways that you can try to prevent pregnancy, but themost effective is abstinence. Other methods of birth control include condom use,Depo-Provera, the pill, and a few that other not as popular methods for teens(for example Norplant and a Diaphragm.) For more information on how to preventpregnancy you can talk to your doctor or pay a visit to Grants School BasedHealth Clinic, where everything is confidential. Try to be careful, andhopefully you will never have to go through the rigors of being a pregnant teenor parent. .u86fe67c4cbc556e0e27e58aec388ea0a , .u86fe67c4cbc556e0e27e58aec388ea0a .postImageUrl , .u86fe67c4cbc556e0e27e58aec388ea0a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u86fe67c4cbc556e0e27e58aec388ea0a , .u86fe67c4cbc556e0e27e58aec388ea0a:hover , .u86fe67c4cbc556e0e27e58aec388ea0a:visited , .u86fe67c4cbc556e0e27e58aec388ea0a:active { border:0!important; } .u86fe67c4cbc556e0e27e58aec388ea0a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u86fe67c4cbc556e0e27e58aec388ea0a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u86fe67c4cbc556e0e27e58aec388ea0a:active , .u86fe67c4cbc556e0e27e58aec388ea0a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u86fe67c4cbc556e0e27e58aec388ea0a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u86fe67c4cbc556e0e27e58aec388ea0a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u86fe67c4cbc556e0e27e58aec388ea0a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u86fe67c4cbc556e0e27e58aec388ea0a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u86fe67c4cbc556e0e27e58aec388ea0a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u86fe67c4cbc556e0e27e58aec388ea0a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u86fe67c4cbc556e0e27e58aec388ea0a .u86fe67c4cbc556e0e27e58aec388ea0a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u86fe67c4cbc556e0e27e58aec388ea0a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Play Report On A Look Back In Anger EssayBibliographyClark, Leslie. Personal Interview. 25 March 2000. Inhoff, Jessica. PersonalInterview. 27 March 2000 Smith, Verita. Grant School Based Health Clinic. Personal Interview. 30 March 2000. State of Oregon. Oregon Health Division. TeenPregnancy Rates Ages 10 ? 20. Multnomah County. 1997-1998.

Historic Contextual Essay of T essays

Historic Contextual Essay of T essays The Picture of Dorian Gray, by Oscar Wilde, takes place in late 19th century England. The Picture of Dorian Gray incorporates a lot of the culture of the time period into it making it, for the most part, a believable and realistic story. He talks about how the rich lived in large homes with gardens and servants, he talks about the opium dens, and he also talks about the playhouses where Dorian meets Sibyl Vane who he gets engaged to before driving her to suicide. He also incorporates a lot of the ideas of the time period about art and beauty in general into the story. Overall Oscar Wilde gives an accurate representation of the life and ambiance of late 19th century England. In the story, the upper class English society lived rich, comfortable lives and squandered away there time at social gatherings, in the theatre, and as a rule, not doing any work at all. The few people that are upper class and the book tells us how they got there, inherited their land and riches from distant relatives. That is pretty much what happened in the real England. The upper class people of that time period got there land and money from there relatives in the medieval era. The people who had lots of land became the kings during the medieval ages and got their riches from using and abusing the people without any land. They would pretty much just sit around and eat all day while their servants did all the work in the fields for them. The kings later transformed into the upper class citizens of England. The story also talks about Dorian Gray running off to an Opium Den after he kills Basil. He is so distraught over what he had done that he got Opium out of his house and took it with him to an opium den to try and numb the pain. He remembered Lord Henrys thoughts on how Nothing can cure the soul but the senses, just as nothing can cure the senses but the soul. In late 19th century England there were lots and lots of Opium Den...

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2014 denominated the top five countries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

2014 denominated the top five countries - Essay Example The Euro is a currency used by 17 member countries within the Eurozone. The European Central Bank is the central bank for the joint Eurozone countries. According to forex traders, the euro can trade in between 30 to 40 pips on average, albeit prone to changes in the bond market. Today, 1 Euro is equivalent to U.S. $ 1.36. Established in 1882, the Bank of Japan controls the second largest economy in the world. The Japanese Yen has become popular in less developed economies in Asia such as Vietnam, North Korea, Cambodia, and Laos. As a result of the growing Japanese economy, the Yen has drastically improved; 1Japanse Yen is equivalent to 0.0098 U.S. dollar. The British Pound, Queen’s currency, is controlled by the Bank of England. Until the World War, the British Pound had been the most traded currency in the world. On the contrary, the currency now exchanges with the U.S dollar at $ 1.70. The Swiss Franc is served by the Swiss National Bank, with both public and private ownership. According to forex trading reports, one U.S. dollar was equivalent to 5 francs back in 1994. Today, 1FR exchanges as U.S. $

Gang Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Gang - Essay Example Meetings and gatherings with the police department and the community members to talk about and enlighten the community members on the effects of crime. The members of the community get to have information on how to identify the criminals and how to report to the relevant authorities. The members need to know that it is their right to stay safe and secure all the time. Gang Resistance Education and Training program, one of the best known educational-based prevention programs. Developed by bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and explosives in conjunction with the local police. This program consists series of lessons for the community and students that include skill development to help resist gangs and gang membership, avoid involvement in crime and learn the dangers associated with crime and gangs. The program is effective in developing positive attitudes towards the police and negative attitudes toward involvement in gangs and crime. Children have always learned how to act in the real world from the stories they hear, mass media contributes significantly to their behaviors. If the stories children see involve violence as a solution to problems, they are most likely to exercise violence to solve problems and challenges they face in the real world. The parents of the children can take charge to change how the children behave through either the following ways. Reduce exposure to media violence. If children watch movies, television less and less randomly, the chances of them seeing violence will be very minimal. Setting limits on how much the children watch and setting guidelines on what they watch can help accomplish reduction to exposure to media violence. Parents may consider adding positive programs while limiting negative ones. Another way to control is by establishing guidelines to media other than television, including video games, magazines, movies, comic books and videos. Change the

Questions In E-Commerce Essay Example for Free

Questions In E-Commerce Essay Question 6 Resources are the financial, physical, human, technological, and organizational assets of a company. A distinctive competency is unique to a company and allows it to earn a profit rate that is above the industry average.   Distinctive competencies are the products and services that directly fulfill the organizations goals, and is what the company does uniquely well.   Therefore, resources used to create distinctive competencies are the fundamental building blocks of the company’s success.   A resource must be in demand, or scarce, or difficult and costly to imitate, or have no substitute to add to a company’s competitive advantage.    In addition, it is only those resources which directly contribute to the core competencies of a company that add to its competitive advantage. Question 7 The internet can both increase the difficulty of imitation for a company, and it can also make it easier for other companies to copy.   Some companies use the internet as a core resource.   An example is EBay, which would not exist if it were not for the internet. However, the fact that EBay functions via the internet remains one of its core resources.   It has proven incredibly difficult for competitors to imitate to provide the level of service and marketplace which EBay enjoys.   Of course, EBay is continuously improving upon this core resource.   On the other hand, the internet creates a basic platform for selling.   One of the impacts of the Internet on companies using barriers of imitation as a competitive advantage is that they must be constantly improving and developing their products and services.   The internet allows consumers to browse many companies offering the same services.   If a company is able to do something better, or offer a superior product, they must be able to show this over the internet.     A small fashion designer selling their products over the internet runs a great risk of being copied quickly.   This may provide greater incentive for the designer to be continuously creating new designs and styles. Question 8 The resource based view and market views of competitive advantage are complementary.   They can both be used by the same company to determine what its key competitive advantages are, and also help a company explore what new competitive advantages they may want to develop.   The resource based view looks at what the company has.   Its physical assets as well as it process assets.  Ã‚   What the company does uniquely well.  Ã‚   The market view of competitive advantage looks at the marketplace first.   It identifies the way the company markets itself or the consumer need it fulfills. When looking at a company from the market view, the question asked is â€Å"How is this company unique in the marketplace.†Ã‚   A company can benefit from taking both a resource-based view and a market view of competitive advantage.   A company can analyze its internal resources and identify the resources that are key to its success and fulfillment of the organizational goals.   When it performs this analysis, it knows which attributes it must keep in order to stay competitive.   It is able to identify its internal core competencies.   On the other hand, the company can analyze the marketplace.   It can identify its role ion the market.   Is it satisfying its customers?   In what ways?   What are the core strengths of the company in the market?    These are the core competencies of the organization on the marketplace.   The company may choose to develop these further, if greater competitive advantage would be gained, or perhaps focus on developing a new market capability if the external environment is shifting.  Ã‚   When the company then takes its external and internal analysis and put them together, a better picture of the company’s true core competencies is displayed.   The company can then see where it may need to make adjustments or where resources or markets should be developed to take advantage of strengths. Question 9 There are basically two ways the Internet can add to a company’s cost advantage.   One, it can reduce the operating costs for a company.   Two, if a company has a cost advantage, they can increase the volume of their sales.   First, selling goods via the internet allows a company to keep a virtual location.   In this scenario, the company may not need to keep its own inventory or staff.   The company could order products from its vendors as ordered by customers and not keep any inventory at all.   There are no physical displays that need maintenance, nor are there any salespeople on the floor who need to be paid.   This is a strategy pursued by Amazon.   They do not have any brick-and-mortar stores to maintain, so they have no displays to maintain, and no salespeople to pay.    The overhead for maintaining the website is less than the overhead for maintaining the shop.   This gives Amazon a competitive cost advantage over Borders.   Also, when consumers are shopping via the Internet they are able to compare prices over multiple suppliers very easily.   Search tools like MySimon and others search the internet for the product the user enters and returns the prices from various online stores.   In this way, the internet can increase the volume of shoppers buying from a particular company.   If the shopper is only concerned with price, they will often choose the company that has the lowest cost.   Therefore, if the company is able to provide the lowest price, they can gain a competitive advantage via the internet by increasing their customer base. Question 10 Effective differentiation is achieved by a company when they really stand out in the consumer’s mind as something different.   They have developed a unique attribute to a point where customers buy from them based on their unique image.   Two ways the internet can help a company achieve effective differentiation is through exploitation of niche markets and providing services and products in a real-time environment.   On the internet, the market for any one website is much larger than what a store can typically reach. In this way, the company has access to many more markets by using the internet than they would otherwise.   This allows for the flourishing of niche market products and services – or highly effective and differentiated services. An example of a niche product on the internet market is a flea collar for dogs that is safe for the whole family! It has a small chamber into which it draws fleas via scent. The fleas cannot escape from this chamber and die.   The price is high, but the market is environmentally sensitive dog owners. Via the internet, sufficient promotion can be done to make production of this item profitable.   It could be much more difficult to market this product via stores.   Another way the internet can be used to differentiate a company in the marketplace is in the speed and responsiveness of the company to the real world.   The best example that comes to mind is the news.   News companies on-line can present stories to consumers much more quickly than in print. Customers are able to choose their source for news based on how real-time the news source is able to present the information.   Businesses must actually focus on differentiating itself from its customers to effectively compete in the internet marketplace.   There are so many providers of the same service or product, that a company must create and emphasize its difference to gain customers.   Some focus on ease of use, some on reliability, some on image, and others on customer service.   There are many ways to create differentiation, but the company must be aware that simply being on the internet does not automatically create a competitive advantage.

Free Essays - The First Man :: first

Albert Camus’ novel, The First Man, shows how one man, Jacques Comery, who’s father died while he was an infant, and is forced to grow up in a poverty stricken part of Algiers with his mother, grandmother, brother and uncle in a small two bedroom apartment.   Has come to an understanding of love, death, poverty, and life.   The following passages are some of Camus’ best examples of how Jacques has come to this understanding, as well as some of Camus’ own opinions on these and other matters. This first passage is a conversation between Jacques and his friend Malan it tells us about Jacques opinion on life and death. â€Å"†At sixty-five, every year is a stay of execution,† Malan said.   â€Å"I would like to die in peace, and dying frightens me. I have accomplished nothing.† â€Å"There are people who vindicate the world, who help others live just by their presence.† â€Å"Yes, and they die,† Malan said. They were silent, and the wind blew a little harder around the house.†(Camus 35-36). In this passage Jacques has come to the understanding that all me die, whether they accomplish great things or not.   As long as you live a good life there is no use in regretting the life you live, because even if you do not change the lives of thousands, you will at least touch one other person.   In this next passage Jacques has comes to a realization about his mother.   â€Å"†Yes,† said Jacques.   He was going to say: â€Å"You’re very beautiful,† and he stopped himself.   He had always thought that of his mother and had never dared to tell her so.   It was not that he feared being rebuffed nor that he doubted such a compliment would please her.   But it would have meant breaching the invisible barrier behind which for all his life he had seen her take shelter-â€Å"(Camus 58).   In this passage Jacques has come to realize what it is that he loves most about his mother.   It is the fact that he does not need to tell her that he loves her, because he knows that she does not doubt his love for her, and her love for him.   In this passage Camus gives us insight into his opinion of war, â€Å"and each day hundreds of new orphans, Arab and French, awakened in every corner of Algeria, sons and daughters without fathers who would now have to learn to live without guidance and without heritage.

Porter Analysis of Starbucks

I. Threats of Competitors Now a day, Starbucks is very well known in the market, so with this competitors are arising rampantly. Small coffee retail outlets are growing rapidly in America and it seems to be multiplying. Based on the study of the Ivey Management, there are more than 3485 competitors in the market. All are coffee retailing or even cafe or with carts. In US, they have low barrier to entry in the retail specialty coffee market. This has resulted in a drastic increase in competition within the specialty coffee industry. The diversity among these competitors still remains very high but the grounds on which companies are still innovating and changing. As larger and larger companies enter the industry the strategic stakes become higher. An example of competitor is Caribou; they implemented an American Style cafe which is very suitable to the country while Starbucks implemented European Style which is new to the Americans yet somewhat not the same with their culture. II. Threat of New Entrants. Like what is said in the case study, the entry of barrier for coffee industry is very low. There are many potential new entrants like the once with no problem in capital as well as large or well-funded companies. Since the trend of specialty coffee is going up while basic coffee industry is going down, may are investing or starting a business of specialty coffee. Well, McDonald’s do want to invest on selling Starbucks Coffee which is a potential New Entrants who wanted to engage in coffee industry. III. Threats of Buyers. Due to premium coffee are with high cost, buyers tend to not buy specialty coffee. Another is consumption of coffee was reduced from 2-3 cups per day to 1. 7 cups per day only. Based on the study, appearance and development of the product affects the buying power of the customers. Another point is the new entrants offering low cost but quality coffee. This can greatly affect to the buying factor of the customers because there are certain amount allotted in buying beverages or an amount that fits their budget. Starbucks are serving high quality service yet high cost as well. On the other hand, health concerns are also a factor and a place where people can meet or relax when breaks. So Starbucks made its store suitable for relaxing as well as pleasing to the eyes of the customers. IV. Threat of Substitute For product substitutes, one can be water or on the grab sodas. Water is convenient for people as well as no harm in the body. This is a universal solvent where in people can get it for free in their house and bring it along with them. Another is on the grab sodas wherein they can buy it anywhere in a low price. Since coffee cannot be bought easily, people tend to buy the most convenient beverages which can substitute coffee. Another factor is the place or ambience of the shop, lower end coffee places or fast food chains can be a substitute also. V. Threat of Suppliers Since Starbucks is a big company, coffee bean suppliers are making moves to get Starbucks’ orders for coffee. These suppliers have no bargaining power because Starbucks can choose any suppliers available in the market. Another is due to the long process of acquiring the coffee beans, it takes a long time to produce coffee because the supply is short as well as the price of the coffee bean being sold is higher. One factor is the changing environment and fast innovations of technology, many developed a machine to have fast refining of coffee and this have a high bargaining power. Another is quality of the coffee bean being sold, since unforeseen events can happen, prices varies and can decrease the consumption of coffee.

Three major Sociology theories

There are three major sociology theories known as functionalism, conflict theory, and interactionist perspective. Symbolic interactionism is the use of symbols and is face-to-face interaction. Functionalism has to do with relationships between the parts of society and how the aspects of society are adaptive. The last, conflict theory is the competition of scarce resources and how the elite control the poor and week. The symbolic interactionist perspective which is known as symbolic interactionism directs sociologist to consider the symbols and details of everyday life, what these symbols mean, and how people interact with each other(1).George H. Mead Introduced this perspective to American sociology in the 1920s. According to this theory people attach meaning to symbols. An example of symbols are wedding bands, vows of life-long commitment, a white bridal dress, a wedding cake, a church ceremony, and flowers and music. These are all examples of symbols explain in the theory. Symbolic interactionist may miss the larger issue of society by focusing too closely on the â€Å"trees. † An example would be focusing too strongly on the size of the diamond in the wedding ring rather than the â€Å"forest,† which would be the quality of marriage.The functionalist perspective, known as functionalism, is when each aspect of society is interdependent and contributes to society’s functioning as a whole. This was brought to sociology by Emile Durkheim. The government, or state, provides the education for the children in the family, which in turn pays taxes on which the state depends to keep itself running. Functionalists believe that society is held together by social consensus, or cohesion, in which members of the society agree upon, and work together to achieve, what is best for society as a whole.Durkheim suggested that social consensus takes two different forms, mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity. Mechanical solidarity is a form of social co hesion that arises when people in a society maintain similar values and beliefs and engage in similar types of work. Organic solidarity is a form of social cohesion that arises when the people in a society are interdependent, but hold to carrying values and beliefs and engage in varying types of work.Karl Marx was the originated the conflict perspective, which focuses on the negative, conflicted, and ever-changing nature of society. Unlike functionalists who defend the status quo, encourage social change, and believe rich and powerful people force social order on the poor and the weak. Conflict theorists find social conflict between and groups in which the potential for inequality exists: racial, gender, religious, political, economic, and so on.This constant competition between groups forms the basis for the ever-changing nature of society. I agree most with interactionist perspective because it fits me and what I believe. I believe at looking at the big picture not little stuff in the way. It is important to concentrate on the bigger picture. They are all good theories and each are made for different people I’m sure people agree and disagree with all the theories but that doesn’t mean they aren’t good in their own way.

Just Color and Work Essay

Just Color and Work Essay Just: Color and Work Essay DIA â€Å"Scavenger Hunt† Daniel Cronin Section: 1609 October 13, 2013 Sloan: McSorley’s Bar, 1912 John Sloan (1871-1951) Painted in 1912 Subject: My interpretation of what the painting is about is to give the viewer a depiction of the saloongoers; since during this time there was a lot of anti-saloons I think the artist wanted to give people a better depiction of what was happening in these solons, especially in one of the most major solons in New York. Theme: The theme of this painting seems to me to be urban and captures that moment in time or that moment in history. I believe the artist is trying to make us the viewer understand that these bars or solons are negative or bad to society. My belief of that can be seen for the colors this artist has used; Sloan used more realistic colors, the colors are less intense and duller, and feature colors that are darker and generally the same hue. Medium: The medium the artist constructed is oil on canvas. I particularly like his choice because the oil on canvas almost creates a dreamy affect and make me ponder what it would be like to be in that bar at the time or what life was really like during this time. Primary and Secondary Colors: In this painting there really aren’t any primary colors being used, the artist uses more secondary colors then anything else, blacks, brown, tan, and orange. The artist uses duller color rather than more intense colors which amplifies the theme of this painting. Importance of Color: The importance of the secondary colors (duller colors) in this painting is to show the theme and meaning. The artist choice of colors really gives me a better interpretation behind the painting. It allows me to understand that the solons are a drain on life and society, which is my interpretation of the painting. Mood: My interpretation of the mood of this work is sorrow or the lack of life. As you can see in the painting the only people in these solons are men, not children and not women. When you think of women and children you think of joy, happiness and life so as I look at this work I think to my self as if I were these men. I just got off a 12-15 hour shift and rather than go home to a house full of children and a wife that is going to complain I’d rather meet with my friends and co-workers at this bar and talk about how horrible work and life is. To reiterate mostly, depressing, sorrow and lack of life. The Title: The title to me is rather plain but it has some major historical background to it. This is an actual bar in New York where people would meet, drink and discuss daily life. Organization: The overall organization of this piece is great. There is not a lot of disjunction is this piece and you can clearly interpret what is going on in this work. Overall very realistic, something that you would actually picture going into a bar or solon. Assessment: My opinion of this work would be great. I love this piece is general not just because I’m a history nut but because it clearly represent life during this time using colors, depicting the mood, the great linear line of subject and a great understanding of the theme. I would say that this is one of the more successful pieces that I have examined. Ruisdael: The Jewish Cemetery, 1655-60 Jacob van Ruisdael (1629-1682) Painted from 1655-1660 Subject: The subject of this piece is landscape. My interpretation of Jon Van Ruisdael The Jewish Cemetery is that he wants you to focus on the entire piece and to really analyze the details of this realistic work of art. Theme: The theme of this work to me is to evoke emotion, specifically through death and you can see this through the use of nature in this panting. There is a lot of symbolism in this canvas; portrayed through death and destruction and then contrasted with a rainbow, symbolizing nature's ability to grow and regenerate. Medium: The medium in this painting is oil and canvas this to me really helps portray the

Dialogue Guide Definition and Examples

Dialogue Guide Definition and Examples In reported speech, a dialogue guide serves to identify the speaker of directly quoted words. Also known as a dialogue tag.  In this sense, a dialogue guide is essentially the same as a signal phrase or a quotative frame. Dialogue guides are usually expressed in the simple past tense, and they are customarily set off from the quoted material by commas. In the context of small-group communication, the term dialogue guide is sometimes used to refer to a facilitator of group discussions, or to a booklet that provides advice on fostering communication between individuals. See Examples and Observations below. Also see: DialogueDirect SpeechQuotationTom Swifty Examples and Observations Its a polite Chinese custom to show you are satisfied, explained my father to our astonished guests.(Amy Tan, Fish Cheeks. Seventeen magazine, 1987)Im here, she said, because Im a taxpayer, and I thought it was about time that my boys have a look at those animals.(Ralph Ellison, On Being the Target of Discrimination. The New York Times, April 16, 1989)Look at these, the man from Kentucky said, holding up a rib. You could take these home and use them to make a skeleton.(Susan Orlean, Lifelike. The New Yorker, June 9, 2003) â€Å"He doesnt want Dijon, he  insisted, waving the waitress off. Here- he shoved a yellow bottle of Frenchs mustard in my direction- heres some mustard right here.(Barack Obama,  The Audacity of Hope.  Crown/Three Rivers Press, 2006)Never, said Elie Wiesel, never shall I forget that night, the first night in the camp, which has turned my life into one long night, seven times cursed and seven times sealed.We gotta call the newspaper, a doctor said.No, Werner said. He looked straight ahead, not at any of them. I just want you to sew me up.(Jo Ann Beard, Werner. Tin House, Fall 2006) Once Steinbrenner  said to me  before an Old-Timers Game, Get your ass down there and manage the team.†(Robert Merrill, quoted by Curt Smith in  What Baseball Means to Me. Hachette, 2002) The Function of Dialogue GuidesWe use quotation marks to identify certain material as an accurate, word-for-word report of someone elses speech or writing.  A representation of speech usually has two parts, a  dialogue guide  identifying the speaker and the quote itself: I got it down from five to three minutes, Mr. Brennan said later of his feat.(Scott Rice, From Reading to Revision. Wadsworth, 1996)   Elmore Leonards Advice on Reporting Dialogue3. Never use a verb other than said to carry dialogue.The line of dialogue belongs to the character; the verb is the writer sticking his nose in. But said is far less intrusive than grumbled, gasped, cautioned, lied. I once noticed Mary McCarthy ending a line of dialogue with â€Å"she asseverated,† and had to stop reading to ge t the dictionary.4. Never use an adverb to modify the verb said† . . .. . . he admonished gravely. To use an adverb this way (or almost any way) is a mortal sin. The writer is now exposing himself in earnest, using a word that distracts and can interrupt the rhythm of the exchange. I have a character in one of my books tell how she used to write historical romances full of rape and adverbs.(Elmore Leonard, Easy on the Adverbs, Exclamation Points and Especially Hooptedoodle. The New York Times, July 16, 2001) Alternate Spelling: dialog guide

Political Realism and Neo-realism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Political Realism and Neo-realism - Essay Example According to the paper each one of the so called super powers of the universe employs all the available resources and forces to maintain their legendary political stature. On the other hand, developing nations, whose political and economical images still lie below the surface of the universe, also struggle to sharpen their bristle fangs to keep away the possible exploitations from the powerful states. The politically able nations, in reaction to the defensive game of the underdeveloped nations, make all efforts to curb the dependence of such ‘poor’ nations on them. This is realism in play; every state on its own, exhibiting the unending selfish nature of the political leadership. Neo-realism is just but a replica of the features of the original realism; the very eternal struggle has been structurally cocooned, both aspects portraying almost similar trends. Therefore, the slightest difference between the two has always been very invisible light for many scholars and world leaders. This study outlines that  the very concept also brought about the reconciliation among many states after the war. Today, realism has continued to guide the minds of policymakers in different states of the world. It is interesting to see how nations divide a long the lines political power; without any apparent interest on the economical wealth, following this old theory of the early 1900s. Each one of the so called super powers of the universe employs all the available resources and forces to maintain their legendary political stature.  

United Arab Emirates Law and How It Bacame United Essay

United Arab Emirates Law and How It Bacame United - Essay Example in the history of this strategic region, which later on flourished through the rearing of camels at the latter stages of the second millennium BC (Adias-uae.com). Additionally, at the beginning of the 1st century AD, overland caravan traffic begun between Syria and Southern Iraq cities. Furthermore, the existence of water prone transport to the important port of Omana, which is presently referred to as Umm al-Qaiwain, which later on ended up to India, came up. These routes played integral roles to the region since they were alternative transport zones to the Red Sea, which was mostly used by the Romans (UAE Interact). During the mid 19th Century, the United Arab Emirates economy was varied as a result of different population living in different areas and possessed different resources. Several industries came up in the UAE, including pearl fishing, dates, trade, fishing, handicraft and grazing. At this particular instance, the Bedouins and the fishermen enjoyed a simplistic type of li fe. The preceding years saw an important evolution in Abu Dhabi and Dubai due to pearl fishing and trade (Noack, 2007). The discovery of oil in Abu Dhabi in 1962 saw major transformation in the UAE. The oil boosted the economy of the UAE which ultimately made the Trucial States to gain political and national power, thus imposing adverse pressure on Britain, forcing it to withdraw from the region by 1968. This significant freedom made the rulers of the Emirates to hold a round table meeting and agree to form a union known as the United Arab Emirates in July 1971. The United Arab Emirates was formally established in on 2nd December 1971. Initially, the union was composed of six emirates of Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman Umm al-Quwain and Fujairah. Amazingly, Ras al-Khaimah joined the union... United Arab Emirates Law and How It Bacame United Though each emirate is governed by a hereditary emir, the seven emirates are governed by a single national president. The seven emirates are; Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Fujairah, Umm al-Quwain and Ras al-Khaimah. Abu Dhabi serves as the capital as well as being the state’s center of political, industrial and cultural activities. In 1971, prior to independence, the United Arab Emirates was referred to as the Trucial States or Trucial Oman. This was in reference to the truce entered between the local sheikhs, hereditary rulers and the United Kingdom in the 19th century. This paper is going to highlight the United Arab Emirates Law and how the seven principle emirates became united and formed a union called United Arab Emirates. United Arab Emirates History and Formation Sascha Noack asserts that archaeological evidence has some reasonable proof that there were settlements from as early as 4000BC. However, a population of high culture developed around 2500BC. Historical in dications suggest that the population has a major composition of Bedouins and fishermen. Prior to 1820 before the conclusion of a contract between the Great Britain and the Sheikhdoms of Abu Dhabi, Sharja, Dubai, Ajman, Fujairah, Umm al-Quwain and Ras al-Khaimah, the area was commonly referred to as Pirate Coast. while the UAE has a federal system of government, each emirate has its own ruler, has some degree of autonomy and can make its own laws, so long as they comply with the federal law.

What effect does socioeconomic status have on the voting behavior of Essay

What effect does socioeconomic status have on the voting behavior of blacks - Essay Example rent paper focuses on the examination of the possible effects of socioeconomic status on the development of a particular voting behavior by black people. The literature and the empirical research presented throughout this paper prove that the voting behavior of black people around the world can be influenced by a series of factors; socioeconomic status has been found to have a role in the development of specific voting decisions by black people. Of course, the dependence of voting behavior on specific social, political and financial factors cannot be doubted; however, it seems that this influence is stronger in the case of minorities or people with a specific racial background. Regarding the structure of the specific paper it should be noticed that a general presentation of the factors influenced the voting behavior of the public is used in order to introduce the issue under examination and explain the reasons for which the effects of the socioeconomic status on the voting behavior o f black people can have a long lasting effect. As already noticed above, the voting behavior of all people around the world is influenced by specific factors. The above phenomenon has been extensively studied in the literature and many different views have been stated. In accordance with Bass et al. (1998, online article) ‘it is important to consider the effect of residential mobility on registration and voting behavior; movers resemble stayers on motivational factors related to voting; the requirement that citizens must register anew after each change in residence constitutes a key stumbling block in the path of a trip to the polls (Squire, Wolfinger, Glass, 1987 in Bass et al., 1998, online article). In accordance with the above, the voting behavior of citizens can present different characteristics in accordance with the political and the social conditions of a particular era; in the same context, when specific factors are used in order to alternate the voting behavior of people

Can Alternative Energy Replace Fossil Fuels An Environmental Sciences Essay

Can Alternative Energy Replace Fossil Fuels An Environmental Sciences Essay At the beginning of the 21st century people started to realize that fossil fuels are not renewable and they are consumed too quickly so people believe that there will not be a source for future generations. Activists try to tell people about the consequences of lack of energy in terms of economy or environment, so consciousness of the situation increases each day with the help of activists. However, the public and also the government do not do anything to amend this situation. Professor Emeritus of History, Geography, and American Studies at the University of Texas, Alfred W. Crosby asserts that Alternative sources of energy can become a satisfactory substitute for fossil fuels such as coal, oil, petroleum and diesel if we put as much effort and genius in the effort as we did in producing the first atomic bomb(alternativeenergy.procon.org , para 3). However some others believe that alternative energy cannot meet our need sufficiently. Also its hard to find a suitable place and the hi gh technology to build this kind of structure. There are both pros and cons about using alternative energy which makes it difficult to find the most reliable way, however considering all these various approaches, we can conclude that fossil fuels are more harmful. There are many type of carbon based source which contain huge amount of energy such as coal, oil, natural gas. They are most common source to create energy. Especially in Turkey almost all energy comes from fossil fuels (%99.6). There are some specific places to produce such as Zonguldak for coal or Batman for oil. Underground coal mining sector very taught because working condition is disaster but, people have to work this job because of unemployment. However coal mining have enormous dangerous for health because it cause lung disease. Also cause deaths due to underground coal-mining accidents have been recorded officially since 1941, and a total of 3094 deaths were reported between 1941 and 2003(Kucuker,1). Although this kind of evidence, both government and companies not take any precaution about disasters. Almost the same situation happens in Batman which has most of oil source in Turkey. Some worker suffer from similar problem like health and condition, because they do not know their right in terms of both health and safety even if they are aware of their right companies employ worker on daily-bases so they can not seek their right consequently companies exploit worker easily. In the beginning of industrial age, countries used fossil fuels for their own development without thought about its effect on people and the environment. They also ignored pollution and damage to the environment but this careless behaviour has caused irreversible consequences such as greenhouse effect of burning fossil fuels traps the concentration of carbon dioxide so this also increase heat as a result global warming occur. Therefore people should work together to establish non-governmental organizations to prevent violation and unnecessary usage, because the world supply will not be enough for the next generation. Professor of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, M. S. Dresselhaus also emphasised that fossil fuels currently supply most of the worlds energy needs, world reserves of oil are about 1.61014   (11012  barrels). World consumption is about 1.21010  a day. World reserves of natural gas are about 1.41014  m3; gross production of gas is about 2.41012  m3  per y ear. World coal reserves are about 9.11011  tonnes; annual consumption is about 4.5109  tonnes per year. However unacceptable their long-term consequence, he assert that the supplies are likely to remain adequate for the next few generations. Scientists and policy makers must make use of this period of grace to assess alternative sources of energy and determine what is scientifically possible, environmentally acceptable and technologically promising. Briefly fossil fuels such as coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear power supply most of the worlds energy needs in today world but they are not adequate for future generation without alternative energy. The world has many alternative energy sources such as wind, solar, geothermal, hydroelectric, and bio fuels are possible energy type which can replace fossil fuels. Like fossil fuels these energy types have several advantages and disadvantages. Wind and solar power cause no pollution and are renewable and also wind and solar power are free. The only cost of solar and wind power is the installation and construction of the structure. Nevertheless, both wind and solar energy is inconsistent. It means wind intensity or sunny weather can change. Moreover geothermal energy built upon steam power so they drill holes in the steamy area and steam caused shoot up and drive turbines. Geothermal central should build correctly otherwise harmful gases and mineral can be released. Furthermore, hydroelectric central work with the help of accumulation of water so energy production is constant. However construction of dam is very expensive and sometimes especially in Turkey dam can damage historical p lace like Hasankeyf in the east of Turkey. Lastly like wind and solar power bio fuels is renewable. Ethanol is the main element of creating energy which is made from corn. It decreases the usage of gas but cost of conversion very expensive. In addition, Some countries realize the variety of alternative energy and pay attention to these. Spain and Germany are very serious about creating alternative energy. They use many kind of alternative energy but lost of countries just use hydroelectrical energy in the name of alternative energy. However they do not realize that for example solar energy more powerful than hydroelectrical energy. Dieter Eissel assert that the sun radiates 174 peta-watts (PW). Of this, about 30 percent is re ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ected back to space, while the rest is absorbed by atmosphere, clouds, oceans and land masses. The total volume of radiation absorbed by oceans and lands reaches up to 89 PW. Therefore, solar energy can provide 2,850 times more energy than current world demand. In comparison, the multiple for hydro power is 3, 5 for geothermal, 20 for biomass, and 200 for wind energy (Fischedick, 2000). This means that all nations need the solar radiation of just one day to meet their energy demands for a whole year. However, settle that kind of energy source is very expensive and little utopian. Nevertheless still reducing fossil fuels help prevent the pollution. According to one of the most comprehensive plans for future sustainable energy provision launched in June 2010 by Greenpeace and the European Renewable Energy Council (EREC), a sustainable World Energy Outlook provides a detailed practical blueprint for cutting carbon emissions while achieving economic growth by replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy and energy efficiency (Eissel, 4). Also, there are some kinds of energy types which are related to fossil fuels but not that much harm such as natural gas and nuclear power. Natural gas release methane gas instead of carbon dioxide and methane gas does not cause greenhouse effect it increases the amount of natural gas reserves a little bit higher than fossil fuels. Nuclear power creates a huge amount of energy however risk also very high because if plants accidentally release something its damage may be catasrophic. In the end although fossil fuels have the possibility of least harm to the environment is still a risk. Therefore alternative energy must be encouraged by government and the public. Otherwise countries will start to fight each other because of lack of resource of fossil fuel in fact they already start to fight as resource become limited and countries may occupy an oil-rich country under the name of peace or some unethical reason to take control of oil-reserves. On the other hand, some people claim that the world has enough fossil fuel supplies for at least 2-3 decades. They think that this issue not of great urgency. At the same time they believe alternative energy is not sufficient and enough to meet peoples needs. To exemplify, gas is much more efficient than electrical energy and also filling the cars petrol tank quicker than charging an electrical car. Critics also state that wind power or solar power is not easy to construct everywhere. They can only be built in a suitable place to be efficient. For instance wind turbines  must be built in a windy area to create energy, this means where wind turbines can be constructed is a little restricted. Likewise solar energy is useful in countries which have many hours of direct sunlight. In this situations, as the cost of construction increase also the efficiency decrease. Taking all these points into consideration, we can arrive at the conclusion that alternative energy should be a convenient energy source for future generation, because there is no other option for future generation nobody can claim that fossil fuels will last forever, this generation should regulate the usage alternative energy and also pay attention to the environment. Otherwise fossil fuel become most valuable things in the world and lots of people not allow or afford to benefit from it. Work Cited http://alternativeenergy.procon.org Dresselhaus, M.S., and I.L. Thomas. Alternative energy technologies.  Nature  414.6861 (2001): 332.Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 23 Dec. 2010. Kucuker, Hudaverdi. Occupational fatalities among coal mine workers in Zonguldak, Turkey, 1994-2003.  Occupational Medicine  56.2 (2006): 144-146.  Environment Complete. EBSCO. Web. 23 Dec. 2010. Park, Sang-Chul, and Dieter Eissel. Alternative Energy Policies in Germany with particular Reference to Solar Energy.  Journal of Contemporary European Studies  18.3 (2010): 323-339.  Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 23 Dec. 2010. Fischedick, M. ,  Langniss, O. and  Nitsch, J. (2000)  Nach dem Ausstieg-Zukunftskurs Erneuerbare Energie  Hirzel-Verlag , Stuttgart

Adaptation Syndrome :: essays research papers

What Is General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) General Adaptation Syndrome is a theory formulated in 1936 by Dr. Hans Seyle, a celebrated figure in the field of stress research. Gas depicts the process of prolonged exposure to stress by separating behaviors into 3 stages. The Alarm Reaction, Resistance and Exhaustion Stage. This behavioral model is such a valuable tool in the study of stress research because it explains both the physiological and psychological effects of stress on the human body. The Alarm Reaction Stage All Stress is caused by external stimuli; the immediate response to these challenges or threats is the Alarm Reaction stage. In the A.R.S. this perception of a threatening situation caused by the brain sends biochemical messages to various parts of the body, resulting in bodily changes such as increased or irregular heart beats, shallow fast-breathing or muscle tension (refer to appendix xxx). It is this physical reactions that characterize this early stage is the GAS model. (Author, pg#).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dr. Selye preformed most of the early work on the adaptation syndrome. His experiments in general looked at harmful stimuli on the response of the body. In an experiment, Seyle exposed a large number of rats to a refrigerated room where the temperature was near freezing,(Author pg#) â€Å"†¦during the first 48 hours they developed the typical manifestations of the alarm reaction. This was proved by killing ten animals at the end of the second day; all of them had large fat-free adrenals, small thymuses, and stomach ulcers.† (Seyle, 1956; 88). This experiment conducted illustrated the vast number of physical changes the body undergoes in stressful situations.

Critical Issues of Soil Erosion Problems

Soil quality is one of the most basic and perhaps least understood indicators of land health. Soil supports plant growth and represents the living reservoir that buffers the flows of water, nutrients, and energy through an ecosystem. The ongoing degradation of the earth†s soils by human activity, particularly agriculture, threatens human potential to feed a growing population. The annual global erosion amounts to about 36 billion tons, of which 10 billion are due to natural causes and 26 billion are the result of human activity (Crosson et al. 995). The soil or runoff that has been eroded ends up in groundwater, lakes, streams, and rivers. The deposits of excess soil and the contaminates in it, cause further ecological complications. Bodies of water need to be dredged and monitored for contamination. Water levels are lowered with the increasing soil eroded into them, making our world†s water supply a concern directly related to the erosion of soil. The process of soil renewing itself is largely unknown. However, there is consensus on the need for conservation. Evaluating the scope of the problem or predicting the effects that various solutions might have on agriculture and the environment is very difficult. Degradation is gauged for all soil in terms of compaction, erosion, nutrient loss and loss of organic matter. Soil quality refers to the capacity of a soil to perform these beneficial functions. Its texture, structure, water-holding capacity, porosity, organic matter content, and depth, among other properties determine a soil†s quality. Because soils naturally vary in their capacity to perform these functions, we must tie our understanding of soil quality to landscapes and land use. We must understand soil quality for two important reasons: First, we must match our use and management of land to soil capability. Second, we must establish understanding about soil quality so we can recognize ongoing trends. If soil quality is stable or improving, we have a good indicator that the ecosystem is sustainable. If soil quality is deteriorating, the larger ecosystem will almost certainly decline with it (Wilken 1995, Mirzamoatafa et al. 1998). Many conservation efforts are being taken to control soil erosion. In order to do this a universal language is need to measure soil erosion, texture, and the potential for erosion. Soil loss tolerance (â€Å"T†) is the amount of a given soil that can be displaced by water or wind erosion each year and be replenished through natural soil regeneration processes. This is a basis for evaluating the impacts of soil erosion and develops objectives for conservation treatment. Erosion at rates greater than T is a special concern because it threatens agricultural sustainability. Enrichment Ratios (ER) often used as a measure of the nutrients available for soil. It is a ratio of the intrinsic potential for soil displacement from erosion to the â€Å"T† limit (Baffaut et al 1998). From 1991 to 1992 in Central Kenya†s highlands, these formulas were used to monitor runoff, soil loss, and enrichments of eroded soil material. Annual rainfall was 948 and 1125 mm for 1991 and 1992. Soil loss ranged from 0. 8 to 247. 3 tons, and runoff ranged from 1 to 89 mm. The enrichment ratios (ER) were [greater than or equal to] 1 and sediments were mostly enriched with P and Na. The P and Na concentrations were 4 to 10 and 2 to 3 times the source material. Sediment from the plots was 247 to 936% richer in P than the soil from which it originated. Too much P can have negative effects on the plant and wildlife surrounding it. Changes in soil pH, percentage organic C, and percentage total N following erosion were significantly correlated with cumulative soil loss (r values of 0. 77, 0. 59, and 0. 71, n = 20). The data indicated that the unbalancing of nutrients in the soil is due to erosion, and one of the major causes of soil fertility depletion of Kenyan soils (Gachene et. al. 1997). The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) estimates average annual soil loss from sheet and till erosion. The equation is: A=RKLSCP, where A is the computed soil loss per unit area, R is a rainfall factor, K is a soil erodibility factor, L is a slope length factor, S is a slope degree factor, C is a crop practice factor, and P is a conservation practice factor (Baffaut et al 1998). Data from erosion plots in Tarija suggest only moderate rates of erosion (200tons-per. yr. ). Data at 6-min intervals for 41 sites in the tropics of Australia were used to compute the rainfall and runoff factor (R-factor) for the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), and a daily rainfall erosivity model was validated for these tropical sites. Mean annual rainfall varies from about 300 mm at Jervois to about 4000 at Tully. For these tropical sites, both rainfall and rainfall erosivity are highly seasonal. The daily erosivity model performed better for the tropical sites with a marked wet season in summer in comparison to model performance in temperate regions of Australia where peak rainfall and peak rainfall erosivity may occur in different seasons (Yu 1998). The Wind factor must be considered when evaluating soil erosion. Plant nutrients are transported in windblown sediment. The Wind Erosion Equation (WEQ) is designed to predict long-term average annual soil losses from a field having specific characteristics. The equation is E=f (IKCLV), where E is the estimated average annual soil loss, I is the soil erodibility, K is the ridge roughness factor, C is the climatic factor, L is the equivalent unsheltered distance across the field along the prevailing wind erosion direction, and V is the equivalent vegetative cover (Baffaut et al. 1998). As validation for the Wind Erosion equation (WEQ) two field sites were established in southern Alberta (one in 1990, one in 1993). At Site 1, total N in windblown sediment trapped at 25-cm height showed an average (13 events) enrichment ratio of 1. 11, while organic C in windblown sediment showed an average enrichment ratio of only 1. 02 compared with soil from the erodible surface. At Site 2, the average (4 events) total N enrichment ratio was 1. 08 and the average organic C (carbon) enrichment ratio was 1. 05. The results provide further evidence that every effort should be to prevent erosion of the thin layer of surface soil that ensures the future sustainability of agriculture (Baffaut et. al. 1998). These examples of using universal formulas to measure soil erosion allow scientists to evaluate an area and compare efforts that are working else where and apply them to areas were soil erosion is in need of being lessened. During last 40 years, nearly one-third of the world land has been lost by erosion. This loss continues at a rate of more than 10 million hectares per year. The world population†s food demand is increasing at a time when per capita food productivity is beginning to decline (Pimentel et al. 1995). If conditions leading to famine are to be avoided, land that produces food must be preserved. The ecological food web links plants, animals, and people must live in harmony with the planet†s water, soil, and atmosphere. Once those connections are severed the hunger web begins. To avoid these devastating effects, steps must be taking in all aspects of ecology. The greatest impact of soil erosion is farming practices that are ignorant to overall effects on the food web. The key to farming is to grow enough food for all of your people. When towns were made up of small farms this goal was more easily obtainable. When people stop farming, food production then became an industry where money takes precedent over soil. Because of demand and economic reason farmers in the United States are destroying delicate balances in nature and drastically altering the landscape so that soil is at risk of erosion, and is eroded faster than it can be formed. (Pimentel, Resosudarmo1995) Agricultural practices of cropping and tillage are two important factors that influence runoff and soil losses. Much research had been done to show the effects of different tilling and crop rotations on soil erosion. Doyle†s (1996) research concluded that between 1982 and 1992 the US improved or at least had no increase in average erosion rates in most areas with extensive cropland. Some of the improvement found was the result of crops being rotated and better tiling methods. Brown (et al 1998) investigated the effects of combining whey and straw in croplands. This research found that straw or whey alone reduces soil loss by 60-85 percent. When combined they reduce soil loss by 96- 98 percent. Ghidey and Alberts (1998) found through a study in Kansas that the annual runoff and soil losses from soybean cropping were slightly higher than those for corn. These studies and others like them have provided the knowledge of how to prevent further soil erosion. The Conservation Reserve Program pays farmers to remove or add environmentally sensitive crops to their croplands (Ghidey, Alberts 1998). There are many casualties of conventional chemical farming: erosion, a decline in soil quality, water purity, weakened crop resistance to pests and diseases, and the safety of farm workers. According to US News & World Report, 9/14/92, an excess of $4 billion a year is spent on pesticides, fungicides, and herbicides Chemical farmers are still losing about a third of their crops each year to insects, diseases, and weeds. Because of tilling practices, these chemicals used in farming not only effect the food produced and ground water but also the places where the runoff is deposited. Herbicide loss by runoff is a world wide problem. These contaminated runoffs kill a variety of wildlife, aquatic life forms, and many species of vegetation. An economical and environmental alternative to conventional farming is organic crop production. Organic farming is a soil management system that maintains and replenishes soil fertility. Organic foods are produced without the use of synthetic pesticides or fertilizers. The strategy behind organic crop production is to produce food crops which are â€Å"processed, packaged, transported, and stored so as to retain maximum nutritional value without the use of artificial preservatives, coloring, or other additives. Allowable management techniques include: the use of cover crops, manures, and composts for soil fertility management, the use of mulches, hand or mechanical cultivation, and crop rotation for weed management, and production scheduling and crop selection for disease and insect management. Organic farming is not as easy or as productive as conventional farming, especially on infertile sandy soils. To be successful, an organic farmer requires a sound knowledge of soil type, crop management and the incidence of pests and diseases in different seasons (Arden-Clarke et al 1987). Organic production preferably should be combined with systems not usually used in agriculture such as cover crops and livestock farming. This requires a larger area than the normal agricultural holding, which must be chosen carefully. The Department of Agriculture (Elliott et al. 1987) certifies organic production systems. Certification involves the development of an organic plan for the operation, the plan to be evaluated and approved by an accredited agent, and the agreement of the farmer to abide by the list of approved substances. The organic agent also reviews soil and water tests, crop histories, production, and rotation plans. The area in which organic crops are to be grown must be chemical free for 3 years. They verify compliance with standards through annual and spot inspections, and record keeping requirements (Elliott et al. 1987). Consumers are demanding organically grown fruit and vegetables, and are willing to pay a higher price. The sales of organic products have increased from $178 million to over $4 billion in 1998, and is growing in excess of 20% per year. These operations will focus on the production of lettuce, tomatoes, and cucumbers (Us News &World 1998). There is a demand for certified organic vegetables, especially with the new health awareness of the public. As with any type of farming, there is the risk of unfavorable weather and invasive pests, which could, reduced a season†s crop. Economics may be a large controlling factor for soil erosion. . When demand for grain increases, and supply decreases, price for food will increase. Americans can afford to pay a few cents extra for bread, horse food, and rice but poorer countries will suffer when food becomes too expensive. Although the United States has been referred to as the â€Å"bread basket† of the world because of our impressive food production, our history constituted prolific amounts of soil erosion. During the 1930†³s dust clouds forced people from their homes, killed humans and animals alike, and caused snow in Vermont to be black. Agricultural economists are aware that severely eroded soils are less productive–if too much soil is lost, the next planting and harvest are delayed. Soils are less productive if crop planting has to be delayed. Instead of harvesting five times in one season, farmers might only reap three. Severely eroded soils have deficiencies in nutrient, bacteria, alterations in structure, and decreased resistance to pests. Continuously planting row crops, corn for example, can cause severe soil loss. Sustainable agriculture can prevent or lessen soil erosion and ensure higher productivity (Gardner 1996). Our county†s high demand for grain forces farmers to over work their land. The demand for this grain and the human consumption of grown vegetation are not the only factors leading to soil erosion. The beef industry and our consumption of red meat impacts soil erosion as well. Of the total amount of grain that is grown in the US, 80% of it is fed to livestock. To support our meat centered diet, 260 million acres of U. S. forest must be cleared to create cropland for livestock (Gardner1996). Costa Rican produced beef is even more devastating to the environment. For every ? lb. of Costa Rican beef made, one acre of Costa Rican rainforest must be destroyed. This devastation is worsened by the deaths of all the plant and animal species that occur due to habitat loss (Gardner1996). Because of the above reasons and several other moral, nutritional, and economical reasons, beef consumption is bad for the environment. Every individual who switches to a purely vegetarian diet (Gardner1996) spares one acre of trees each year. The factor of agricultural practices on soil erosion becomes more severe when forests, grasslands, and wetlands are destroyed. Roots from trees in forests, grasslands, and wetlands stabilize soil not only by holding earth, but also by intercepting precipitation, dispersing energy of raindrops, and by increasing infiltration and reducing runoff (Smith 1998). Native Americans have used good agriculture practices for years. American Indians had respect for the land and all of its life forms. One of their cultural beliefs about farming is centered on the three sisters: corn, squash, and beans. The corn provides a stalk for beans to climb. Beans produce nitrogen that fertilizes the corn. And squash protects the soil and corn roots from the sun, traps moisture, and prevents erosion. All three plants provide edible food, while preserving soil. (Wilken 1995) It is essential to the survival of the human race, and all other life forms that several forms of soil conservation practices are used. There is a finite amount of food that our country can produce before our production starts to decrease. Although erosion is a natural process, humans have found several unnatural ways to make soil erosion more severe. To be able to continue to feed the growing population and preserve the species diversity of wildlife and plants we need to have sustainable agriculture practices and soil conservation these efforts are crucial in the prevention of extensive soil erosion.

Malaysian Cyber Law and Electronic Government Law

SMK GERIK JALAN KUALA KENDERONG 33300 GERIK. PERAK CONSTRUCT CODE: LA3. S07. 1 CURRENT AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENT IN NETWORKS AND COMMUNICATIONS CANDIDATE’S NAME:NURUL SHAZLIN BINTI SULAIMAN CANDIDATE’S IC:960717-06-5978 ASSESSOR’S NAME:NOR AZLINA BINTI OTHMAN ASSESSOR’S SIGNATURE: DATE OF SUBMISSION: Index Bil | Content| Page| 1| Introduction | 4| 2| Mobile Computing| | | 2. 1 Definition| 5| | 2. 2 Specifications, Services, and Frequencies of Mobile Computing| 5| 3| Internet Technology and Services| | | 3. 1 VoIP| 6| | 3. 2 BLOG| 6| 4| Types of Network| | | 4. 1 PAN| 7| | 4. 2 VPN| 7| | 4. 3 WLAN| 8| | 4. 4 WIMAX| 8| | Conclusion| 9| | Reference| 9| 1. INTRODUCTION 2. MOBILE COMPUTING 3. 1. Definiton 3. 2. Specification, services, and frequencies of Mobile Computing 3. INTERNET TECHNOLOGY AND SERVICES 4. 3. VoIP 4. 4. BLOG 4. TYPES OF NETWORK 5. 5. PAN 5. 6. VPN 5. 7. WLAN 5. 8. WIMAX 5. CONCLUSION REFERENCE 1. 0 INTRODUCTION A computer network and communicat ion is defined  as a collection of computers and devicesconnected by communications channels that facilitates communications among users and allowsusers to share resources with other users. Computer Network A computer network is a system of interconnected computers and peripheral devices.For example, it may connect computers, printers, scanners and cameras. Using hardware and software, these interconnected computing devices can communicate with each other through defined rules of data communications. In a network, computers can exchange and share information and resources. A computer network may operate on wired connections or wireless connections. When two or more networks are linked or connected and are able to communicate with one another using suitable hardware and software, it is called an internetwork. Communications Communications is about the transfer of information from a sender, across a distance, to a receiver.Using electricity, radio waves or light, information and dat a in the form of codes are transmitted through a physical medium such as wire, cable, or even the atmosphere. Therefore, in order to make communications possible from computers, across telephones and radios and back to computers and other digital devices again, there must be a signal translator, which we call-a modem. The modem, which is short for modulator or demodulator, converts digital signals into analog and back again into digital signals for information to move across the telephone line. Computer NetworkCommunications 2. 0 MOBILE COMPUTING 2. Definition Mobile computing refers to the use of small and portable computing devices in wireless enabled networks that provide wireless connections to a internet or central main server. These devices include laptops, notebook PCs, tablet PCs, palmtops, personal digital assistant (PDAs) and other hand held devices. A radio-signaling device is installed inside these devices for receiving and transmitting electronic data. Mobile computing has enabled users to remain connected while on the move. High end users can opt for satellite based networking which provides wireless connectivity anywhere in the world.However, this technology is costly and will take many years to become as affordable as Wi-Fi and WiMax. 2. 2Specification, services, and frequencies of Mobile Computing The latest 4G device from  T-mobile is the Samsung Galaxy S  4G. This phone works on T-Mobile's HSPA+ 4G network, which uses a different technical standard than Sprint or Verizon Wireless' 4G networks. The Samsung  Galaxy S 4G  is the wireless carrier's first  smartphone   that is capable of delivering theoretical peak download speeds of up to 21 Mbps while in one of T-Mobile's 4G coverage areas.In addition to fast speeds, the  Galaxy S 4G has a large, 4-inch display, a  Samsung 1GHz Cortex A8 Hummingbird processor, and a preinstalled 16GB microSD memory card. Like other phones in  the Galaxy S line, this phone also has Samsung's  Super AMOLED touchscreen display. 3. 0 INTERNET TECHNOLOGY AND SERVICES 3. 1VoIP VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) is refered as the transmission of voice traffic over IP-based networks. There are three ways to connect to a VoIP network which is by using a VoIP telephone, using a normal telephone with a VoIP adapter and using a computer with speakers and microphone. . 2BLOG A blog (web log or weblog) is one of the popular activities on the Internet. Most of these blogs are publicly shared and the autors frequently update the content on a regular basis. Blog is usually referred to the text produced by author about his or her thoughts, experiences or interest. The world of blogging is referred as blogosphere. Another new term is the blogonomics, which refers to people using the blogosphere to generate money. The posts to a blog are usually arranged in this order, the most recent entries will always be on top of the journal. . 0 TYPES of NETWORK 4. 1PAN A Personal Area Network (PAN) is a computer network used for communication among computer devices including PCs, laptops, printers, telephones, digital cameras, mobile phone, video game consoles and personal digital assistants, close to one person. PAN may be wired with USB port, Firewire port, Infrared(IrDA) and Bluetooth technologies. Bluetooth is the popular wireless PAN used by most people, especially the mobile phone technologies, and it applies the IEEE 802. 15. 1 standards. 4. 2VPNA Virtual Private Network (VPN) is a network that uses a public telecommunication infrastructure, such as the internet, to remote offices or individuals with secure access to their organisation’s private network. VPN uses tunnelling mechanism to maintain privacy and security of the data. Tunnelling means transmiting data packets across a public network. VPN is often used by companies to provide access from their internal network resources to their home or mobile workers. 4. 3WLAN Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) is a t ype of LAN that uses high-frequency radio waves to communicate between nodes.WLAN improves user mobility, speed and scalability to move around within a broad coverage area and still be connected to the network. The IEEE standard for Wireless Lans is 802. 11. 4. 4WIMAX Worlwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) is the industry term for broadband wireless access network that is developed based on the IEEE 802. 16 standard. WiMAX is a Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) technology that will connect WiFi hotspots to the Internet and provides a wireless extension to cable and DSL for larger broadband access.WiMAX would operate similar to WiFi but at higher speeds, over greater distances and for a greater number of users. A WiMAX system will have two major parts: * A WiMAX base station, similar in concept to a mobile phone tower. * A WiMAX receiver installed at home. 5. 0 CONCLUSION As a brief conclusion, computer network and communication are expanding rapidly each and e veryday making sharing of information trilion times better before they exist. Mobile computing is now getting edgier by the day. New technologies are being implemented, tested and apply in mobile computing making us and the future another step closer.The internet is also getting better along the lines of the information age. Meanwhile, types of network available for us adding it on top of making computer networks and communications the new best friend. REFERENCE * http://hothardware. com/Reviews/Samsung-Galaxy-S-4G-Review/ * http://blog. propertycrown. com/najib-leaves-for-new-york-seeks-investments/ * http://smklunduictclass. blogspot. com/2012/07/3511-describe-c-types-of-network. html * http://www. escotal. com/Images/computer/PAN. png * http://www. mywistore. com/images/Brent%20Lovett%20060809_WiMax. gif